I present an in-depth examination of foreignness at various levels by studying it in the context of entrepreneurs and businesses. Specifically, I thoroughly review the literature on liability of foreignness (LOF) to study the sources of LOF, issues on levels of analysis on LOF, and mechanisms to mitigate LOF. Further, I explore benefits of foreignness (BOF). Then I present empirical findings of research on LOF and BOF and point out directions for future research. I conclude that foreignness can be a liability and/or a benefit for a company or an entrepreneur doing business in another country. Further, LOF can be mitigated, and BOF can be strengthened via various moderators

Dr. Sibin Wu is Professor of Entrepreneurship and former Department Chair of Management at the University of Texas-Rio Grande Valley. He earned his PhD from the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee School of Business Administration in 2004. His current research interests include strategic decision making, international entrepreneurship, and behaviors of nascent entrepreneurs. His works have appeared in high quality journals such as the Academy of Management Journal, Information and Management, Journal of Business Research, International Business Review, Management and Organization Review, Canadian Journal of Administrative Scicences and Journal of Business Venturing Insights.