The air-water interface of water microdroplets can act as a catalyst and dramatically accelerate various chemical reactions compared to bulk water or the gas phase. This phenomenon is known as "on-water catalysis" or "interfacial catalysis". Many chemical and photochemical reactions experience a remarkable rate acceleration when occurring at the air-water interface of microdroplets, aerosols, sprays, and extended air-water interfaces. The underlying mechanism is thought to be the ultrahigh electric fields present at the air-water interface, with smaller droplets having larger interfacial areas and producing higher yields of products like hydrogen peroxide. The air-water interface provides a unique microenvironment that can orient and align functional groups, facilitate proximity effects, and promote reactions essential for processes like peptide synthesis, mimicking prebiotic systems. Interfacial reactions are widespread in atmospheric chemistry (e.g., oxidation of SO2 in cloud droplets), synthetic green chemistry (e.g., electrospray reactions), and origin of life studies (e.g., prebiotic chemistry in aerosols or ocean surfaces). Hydrophobic and hydrophilic microenvironments on catalyst surfaces can create reaction platforms, with the air-water interface playing a crucial role in biomass conversion, CO2 reduction, and other catalytic processes. 

Hadizadeh's research focuses on using computational chemistry techniques to study atmospheric and environmental processes. As a leader of a project related to NSFC, he has made significant contributions to this important research area.