River basin management relies on understanding fluctuations in water budget components like precipitation, evapotranspiration, runoff and soil moisture. These factors are declining water availability worldwide, including in northern Ethiopia. Satellite remote sensing now plays a critical role in obtaining hydrological data for ungauged areas by complementing missing values and measuring components at large scales.This study applied a mixed methodology using ArcGIS spatial analysis tools to extract non-gridded statistical data for each water budget component in the Golina River basin in northern Ethiopia from 1993 to 2023. Rainfall was found to be concentrated downstream each period except 2023. Evapotranspiration varied spatially but followed rainfall patterns, likely because upstream areas have lower temperatures than downstream. Runoff increased with precipitation, as intensified rainfall saturated soils more quickly. The unique values for precipitation, evapotranspiration, runoff and soil moisture respectively for 1993, 2003, 2013 and 2023 show the overall water budget trend has been declining. Precipitation was 5.355, 6.960, 0.882 and -4.700 million cubic meters respectively, indicating a significant potential for evapotranspiration and resulting water shortage. Satellite data thus provides critical information for understanding water budget dynamics in ungauged basins like Golina river, important for river basin management.

Hailu has completed his BSc at the age of 21 years from Mizan Tepi University and I was completed my Msc studies from Bahir Dar University at the age of 27. Currently worked as Geospatial technology lecturer and researcher in Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia. I have published more than 4 papers in reputed journals.