Weathering of sulfidic mine wastes promotes the primary source of Fe and acidity that leads to precipitation of a wide range of ochreous Fe- and Al-oxy-hydroxysulfate minerals (jarosite and alunogen) and efflorescent salts (rozenite and copiapite) of varying solubility by oxidation, hydrolysis, and evaporation processes. These secondary minerals play a crucial role in environmental pollution. Depending on their stability, they can be a source of acid mine drainage (AMD) and a sink for the pumping and mobility of toxic metals during the interaction of these materials with surface water (rainy period) or as reservoirs to remove metals from solutions (dry season).In the Tamra-Sidi Driss mining area, Northern Tunisia, during dry periods in humid climates, salts precipitated by evaporative processes, where upward migration of the acidic waters by capillary action is the dominant process. Under the effect of evaporation, they are present either in surface accumulations of sulfate minerals form by evaporation and precipitation within ponded surface waters, on wetted surfaces, at seeps, in cement filling the interclastic porosity, and by upward migration of pore acidic waters in mine tailings (side dumps) by capillary action. Efflorescent salts identification can provide information on water quality, water-rock interaction, and pH conditions during minerogenetic processes. Ochreous sediments: in the surface and side dumps and multicolored efflorescent salts (colors in white, brown, gray, yellow to orange, and greenish yellow) on the side dump are sampled. pH and EC for each sampling site were determined using a pH meter (LPH 230 T-type) and a conductivity meter ORION 150, respectively. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electron microprobe are often combined to realize the identification of mineralogical compositions. Sulfate ions (SO42−) and HM (Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu, Fe, and Mn) concentrations in tailings and water samples were analyzed using ion chromatography and non-acidified solution atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS)-Perkin Elmer type. The salts, which are present on mine wastes, include minerals that incorporate heavy metals, primarily the highly soluble members of the jarosite, rozenite, alunogen, gypsum, anglesite and copiapite. This research presents a detailed mineralogy characterization of efflorescent salts to investigate their tendency to potentially released metal in water and agricultural soil. 

Mariem Trifi is a dedicated academic hailing from Tunisia, with a focus on advancing knowledge in her field of expertise. She holds affiliation with the University of Carthage, a prestigious institution known for its commitment to excellence in education and research. Trifi's academic pursuits likely center around areas such as science, technology, engineering, or mathematics (STEM), given her email domain "certe.rnrt.tn," which suggests involvement in research or technology initiatives. With her academic background and affiliation with a renowned university, Trifi likely contributes significantly to the academic community through research, teaching, and possibly mentorship. Her work may encompass a range of topics aimed at addressing challenges and fostering innovation in her field, contributing to both local and global academic discourse.