Free trade has various implications for farmers in Indonesia, depending on the competitiveness of the commodities they produce. This study analyzes two different cases: apple farmers in Batu City, East Java, who experienced a decline in the domestic market by up to 90% due to competition with imported apples, as well as ornamental fish farmers in Curug, Depok City, and Cilembu sweet potato farmers in Sumedang Regency, West Java, who actually benefit significantly from global trade. The research method used a qualitative approach with literature studies and in-depth interviews. The results showed that apple farmers in Batu had difficulty competing due to less attractive packaging factors, higher selling prices, and consumer preferences for imported apples. Meanwhile, tetra neon ornamental fish farmers and Cilembu sweet potato farmers successfully penetrated the global market due to the uniqueness of their commodities which can only be optimally produced in certain locations. This study concludes that competitiveness in free trade is greatly influenced by comparative advantage and adaptation to market demand. Policy recommendations focus on improving product quality, strengthening branding, and government support in promotion and market access for local commodities.

Prof. Fentiny Nugroho