Seafood substitution is a problem of global concern with significant implications for consumer rights, as it misleads consumers regarding the origin and economic value of products. Furthermore, this phenomenon could pose a substantial allergenic risk, potentially compromising human safety and health. In Northern Spain, local seafood represents a highly valued and very well paid product, as a signature element of the region's traditional gastronomy and tourism income. A previous study conducted by our research team revealed a high incidence of mislabeling/fraud/substitutions in restaurants for the commercialization of the variegated scallops. In this work, we made a first genetic assessment of possible intentional deceit and violations of consumer rights throughout mislabeling in dishes and products offered in Northern Spain (Asturias and Cantabria), related to native lobsters (Homarus gammarus) and razor clams (Ensis arcuatus/siliqua). Samples were taken from 18 local restaurants and 6 shellfish shops in Asturias and Cantabria. We have detected 30% and 18% of mislabeled products in Ensis and Homarus species, respectively. Instead of the native species, the substitutions revealed the imported and invasive American Ensis directus. Lobster supplies also included imported Homarus americanus specimens. Moreover, we have developed a rapid colourimetric detection method based on LAMP (Loop-mediated isothermal amplification), which enables a quick identification of the native species of lobster and the invasive american razor clam. Food control and the use of innovative genetics-based techniques in seafood products, which are particularly prone to fraud, are essential to protect consumers in terms of ethics, cost and food safety.

Maria Celenza holds a Master's degree in Ecology and Ethology for Nature Conservation from the University of Parma (Italy), and a Bachelor's degree in Biological Sciences from the Università Politecnica delle Marche (Italy). She is currently a PhD student in the PhD Programme in Cellular and Molecular Biology at the University of Oviedo, Spain.  Research Lines include: Food Fraud, Mislabeling,  Conservation Genetics, Metabarcoding, LAMP.