Monkeypox
Monkeypox
Monkeypox is a zoonotic viral disease caused by the monkeypox virus, a member of the Orthopoxvirus genus. Initially discovered in monkeys used for research in 1958, the first human case was identified in the Democratic Republic of Congo in 1970. Although less severe than smallpox, monkeypox poses a significant health concern due to its potential for outbreaks and impact on affected populations. Predominantly found in Central and West Africa, monkeypox is transmitted to humans through direct contact with infected animals, such as rodents or primates. Recent outbreaks in other regions have heightened global concern. Clinically, monkeypox presents with symptoms similar to smallpox, including fever, headache, muscle aches, swollen lymph nodes, and a characteristic rash that evolves from flat red spots to fluid-filled blisters. Diagnosis relies on clinical evaluation and laboratory tests such as PCR assays. Preventive measures include avoiding contact with potential animal hosts, using personal protective equipment, and maintaining good hygiene. Although there is no specific antiviral treatment, supportive care and the use of smallpox vaccine for high-risk groups are recommended. Ongoing research focuses on understanding the disease better, improving diagnostic methods, and developing vaccines and treatments to manage and prevent outbreaks effectively.
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