Nanotechnology is a branch of engineering that explores materials at a scale ranging from 1 to 100 nanometres. To put this in perspective, one nanometre is a billionth of a metre. For comparison, a human hair is 70 thousand times thicker than a nanometre, while a piece of paper is 100 thousand times thicker. At this scale, nanotechnology involves creating, imaging, simulating, and manipulating materials. The properties of materials at this size are markedly different from those at larger scales. Nanotechnology has moved beyond theoretical discussions; its practical impacts are becoming increasingly apparent in our daily lives.
Carbon nanotechnology is a prime example of this interdisciplinary field, merging chemistry, physics, biology, medicine, materials science, and engineering to drive new innovations in nanotechnology. In recent years, substantial research has been dedicated to this area, with the number of publications steadily rising. Carbon nanotubes, in particular, have garnered significant attention due to their remarkable mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties. These nanotubes consist of carbon atoms arranged in a tightly bonded cylindrical lattice structure.