Nanoscience and technology delve into manipulating matter at the atomic and molecular levels, exploring dimensions on the nanometer scale. Quantum and surface effects emerge, revealing unique material features unseen at larger scales. This discipline, often termed nanoscience or nanotechnology, leverages advancements like the scanning tunneling microscope, enabling precise manipulation and analysis of matter at the atomic and molecular levels. This capability, developed over the past two decades, allows scientists and engineers to control materials and systems at a scale 1/100,000th the width of a human hair.