Brain mapping encompasses the exploration of both the structure and functionality of the brain and spinal cord using various imaging modalities such as intra-operative, microscopic, endoscopic, and multi-modality imaging. Additionally, techniques like immunohistochemistry, molecular and optogenetics, as well as stem cell and cellular biology, contribute to this multifaceted field. Its fundamental principle lies in correlating biological quantities or attributes with spatial representations of the brain, whether in humans or other animals, resulting in comprehensive maps.
Key techniques within brain mapping include: