Obesity is a multifaceted, hereditary trait shaped by the interplay of genetics, epigenetics, and the surroundings. Advances in precise genetic research tools have unveiled numerous genes influencing severe obesity onset. The significance of epigenetic changes as potential mediators of environmental effects and avenues for future intervention is increasingly recognized. Access to high-precision analytical instruments facilitates the exploration of these complexities, paving the way for a deeper understanding of obesity's intricate mechanisms.