Ophthalmology delves into medical issues concerning the eyes. Ophthalmologists specialize in both medical and surgical treatment of this vital organ. They diagnose, prevent, and manage nearly all visual impairments and eye conditions. Beyond eye care, their medical expertise enables them to identify non-ocular disease signs, facilitating appropriate referrals. Vision science, an interdisciplinary field encompassing ophthalmology, optometry, molecular genetics, neurology, and physiological optics, studies the entire visual process. Vision science probes eye anatomy, biochemistry, optics, and physiology, posing inquiries about human vision, its flaws, and potential interventions.