Objective To observe the effect of local injection of botulinum toxin type A on a patient with thalamic ataxia syndrome. Methods Botulinum toxin type A was injected into the upper limb of the patient. The injection muscles included deltoid, biceps, flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, pronator teres, extensor carpi radialis, and flexor superficialis. intramuscularly, the total injected dose is 130U. The International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale (ICARS) ，Fugl-Meyer Assessment Upper Extremity Scale (FMA-UE)，and Modified Barthel Index (MBI) were evaluated before injection and 3 weeks after injection. Results After 3 weeks of treatment, the patient's International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale (ICARS) decreased by 8 points, Fugl-Meyer Assessment Upper Extremity Scale (FMA-UE) increased by 6 points, and the Modified Barthel Index increased by 9 points. Conclusion Local injection of botulinum toxin type A into the muscles related to the upper limb of the affected side can significantly improve the motor control of the upper limbs of patients with thalamic ataxia, improve the activities of daily living of the patients, promote the recovery of the patients, and help the patients return to their families and society, But more cases and systematic curative effect evaluation are needed.

      Pei Chun Li earned his master's degree in rehabilitation medicine and physiotherapy from Jiamusi University in 2010. He currently serves as the Director of the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation at Weifang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital in Shandong, PRC. With a robust academic background, he has authored nearly 20 papers in reputable academic journals and holds the position of Editor-in-Chief for two medicine industry books.