Cholelithiasis presents in approximately 20 % of the total population, ranging between 10% and 30 %. It presents one of the most common causes for non malignant surgical treatment. The cornerstone therapy is laparoscopic cholecystectomy, urgent of elective. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is nowadays the gold standard surgical treatment method, however bile duct injury occurred to as high as 0.4-3% of all laparoscopic cholecystectomies. The percentage has decreased significantly to 0.26-0.7% because of increased surgical experience and advances in laparoscopic imaging the past decade which have brought to light new achievements and new methods for better intraoperative visualization such as HD and 3D imaging system. However, bile duct injury remains a significant issue and indocyanine green fluorescence imaging, mainly cholangiography but also angiography, can further enhance the safety of laparoscopic cholecystectomy as it allows the earlier recognition of the cystic and common bile duct, even in several times before dissecting the Callot triangle. Fluorescence cholangiography could be an ideal method in order to improve bile tree anatomy identification and enhance prevention of iatrogenic injuries during laparoscopic cholecystectomies and also it could be helpful in young surgeons training because it provides enhanced intraoperative safety, but however this method does not replace CVS. Finally, our ongoing current study results comparing intravenous to direct administration of ICG in the gallbladder will be presented. 

Dr. Ioannidis is currently an Assistant Professor of Surgery in the Medical School of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. He studied medicine in the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki and graduated at 2005. He received his MSC in “Medical Research Methodology” in 2008 from Aristotle University of Thessaloniki and in “Surgery of Liver, Biliary Tree and Pancreas” from the Democritus University of Thrace in 2016. He received his PhD degree in 2014 from the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki as valedictorian for his thesis “The effect of combined administration of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids in ulcerative colitis. Experimental study in rats.” He is a General Surgeon with special interest in laparoscopic surgery and surgical oncology and also in surgical infections, acute care surgery, nutrition and ERAS and vascular access. He has received fellowships for EAES, ESSO, EPC, ESCP and ACS and has published more than 180 articles with more than 3000 citations and an H-index of 28